Zantac Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Zantac, including details on ranitidine, side-effects, allergic reactions, information.

Optimization and validation of a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 13 top-prescribed pharmaceuticals in influent wastewater.

van Nuijs AL, Tarcomnicu I, Simons W, Bervoets L, Blust R, Jorens PG, Neels H, Covaci A

Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium, alexander.vannuijs@ua.ac.be.

A sensitive hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the analysis of 13 pharmaceuticals (omeprazole, pantoprazole, ranitidine, citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, tramadol, nebivolol, metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol and metformin) in influent wastewater. The analytes were selected from the list of top-sold prescription pharmaceuticals in Belgium. The HILIC separation was optimised to achieve quantification of all analytes in real influent wastewater samples where other compounds, mainly metabolites of some of the pharmaceuticals, were found to interfere even with mass-spectrometric detection in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Sample cleanup and preconcentration was based on solid-phase extraction, and Oasis HLB cartridges were chosen after optimization. The method was validated by assessing the following parameters: specificity, selectivity, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery and matrix effects. For each analyte, LLOQs were sufficiently low to provide a good analytical performance at concentrations expected in real influent samples. Typical LLOQs were 1 ng/L, except for metformin (500 ng/L). Six deuterated analogues were used as internal standards. A total of 22 influent wastewater samples collected from 18 different wastewater treatment plants in Belgium were analysed. Most analytes were present in the samples at concentrations above the LLOQ and were in agreement with other results from the literature. Nebivolol was for the first time found in influent wastewater. In the future, this analytical method will be used to determine if there is a relationship between pharmaceutical sales figures and concentrations of these compounds in influent wastewater.

Published 24 August 2010 in Anal Bioanal Chem.
Full-text of this article is available online (may require subscription).

Articles on Zantac published 18 August 2010:

Should the concomitant use of erlotinib and acid-reducing agents be avoided? The drug interaction between erlotinib and acid-reducing agents.   J Oncol Pharm Pract.

Context. Erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exhibits a drug interaction with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). The manufacturer recommends avoidance of the combination however, the extent of the drug interaction is not clearly understood.Evidence Acquisition. A literature search was performed and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of acid-reducing agents were reviewed. RESULTS: Acid-reducing agents reduce the ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Zantac published 10 August 2010:

Evaluation of zebrafish DNA integrity after exposure to pharmacological agents present in aquatic environments.   Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.

Over the past few years, the increasing and uncontrolled use of pharmaceutical substances in agriculture, fish farming, human health and in veterinary medicine, together with an improper use of out-of-date medicines, has led to a consequent increase in the environmental problems linked to their disposal. In some Italian waste water treatment plants were found furosemide, a diuretic; ranitidine, an antiulcer drug; bezafibrate, a lipid regulator and ibuprofen, a painkiller. The present paper ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Zantac published 6 August 2010:

Commonly prescribed medications and potential false-positive urine drug screens.   Am J Health Syst Pharm, 67(16): 1344-50.

PURPOSE: The implications of potential false-positive urine drug screen (UDS) results for patients receiving commonly prescribed medications were evaluated. SUMMARY: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify false-positive UDSs associated with all clinic formulary medications, as well as common nonprescription medications. The references of each report describing a medication whose use was associated with false-positive UDS results were also reviewed. If a class effect was ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Zantac published 2 August 2010:

Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activity of the extract from Alhagi maurorum (camelthorn).   Food Chem Toxicol.

Gastric hyperacidity, gastro inflammation and ulcer are very common diseases causing human suffering these days. Gastric irritation mechanism is still very poorly understood as mentioned in many scientific articles. Alhagi maurorum (camelthorn) is considered a medicinal plant with its prospective potent flavonoids. GC-MS spectrum has found three flavone structures (2-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone derivatives) with rate more than 50% in the ethanolic plant extract. In rat experiment, ethanolic A. ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Antiulcer activity of ethanol leaf extract of Cassia fistula.   Pharm Biol, 48(8): 869-77.

The ethanol leaf extract (ELE) of Cassia fistula Linn. (Caesalpinaceae) was evaluated for antiulcer activity against pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer. Ranitidine (30 mg/kg b.w.) and ELE at doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg b.w. were administered orally in different groups of rats (n = 6), 1 h prior to pyloric ligation. Four hours after pyloric ligation, the gastric juice was collected for evaluation of various parameters. The antiulcer activity of ELE was evidenced by the significant ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Zantac published 19 July 2010:

Antioxidant and antiulcerogenic activities of Opuntia ficus indica f. inermis root extract in rats.   Phytomedicine.

Opuntia ficus indica f. inermis methanolic root extract (ORE) was investigated for phenolic and flavonoids contents, in vitro evaluated for DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and in vivo tested for its gastro-protective ability against 80% ethanol induced ulcer in rats. Phytochemical test of ORE were positive for phenolic and flavonoid contents. DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power of ORE showed an EC(50) of 118.65+/-2.51mug/ml and 300mug/ml respectively. In vivo ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Zantac published 12 July 2010:

Anti-heartburn effects of a fenugreek fiber product.   Phytother Res.

Frequent heartburn occurs in many people, some of whom prefer alternative treatments over conventional drugs. In a pilot study of subjects with frequent heartburn, 2 week intake of a fenugreek fiber product, taken 30 min before two meals/day, diminished heartburn severity. This conclusion was based on symptom diary results and reduced the use of a mild antacid as a rescue medicine. Improvement for each of the 2 weeks was judged by comparison with results from a baseline week. Placebo also ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Zantac published 2 July 2010:

The H(2)-receptor antagonist ranitidine interferes with clopidogrel-mediated P2Y(12) inhibition in platelets.   Pharmacol Res.

BACKGROUND: Use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) is common in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT). Recent warnings about potential interactions of PPIs with clopidogrel metabolism leading to impaired DAT efficacy has prompted the recommendation of substituting PPIs with H(2)-receptor antagonists such as ranitidine. We investigated whether ranitidine interacts with P2Y(12) inhibition on the platelet level. METHODS: Blood was collected from 15 patients with stable coronary artery disease, ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

© 2004-2010 Zantac Research Today. All Rights Reserved.